中石油东部炼油企业设备腐蚀与控制现状

针对原油炼化过程中对设备与管道造成的腐蚀破坏作用,分析了主要腐蚀性介质单质硫、硫化氢、环烷酸及HCl+H_2S+H_2O体系的来源、形成机制、腐蚀机理,介绍了中石油东部七个石化企业所加工原油的含硫、含盐和含酸情况,依据炼油流程分别对比阐述了这些企业的原油脱盐脱水、常减压蒸馏、催化裂化、加氢裂化、延迟焦化和其他流程中主要设备和管道的腐蚀与控制现状,并提出了中石油炼化企业和相关的研究机构今后在这方面的研究与应用方向。     

环保型原油族组分-溶剂分离器的研制

研制的环保型原油族组分-溶剂分离器是一种非常规玻璃蒸馏装置,在玻璃器皿内部加热多个原油族组分的有机溶液,在分离原油族组分和有毒溶剂的同时回收了溶剂,使室内空气质量达到国家标准,减少了空气污染.     

Enhanced solar still productivity using transparent walls with an integral trough and organic porous absorber material

This experimental work has been conducted to compare the performance of the modified stills with that of the conventional still. Three modified stills (S1, S2, and S3) and conventional still (S4) were fabricated, each with 0.5 m² of the basin area. S1 and S3 had transparent double glass walls with air in between acting as insulation, whereas S2 has a single transparent wall. S4 has insulated plywood walls painted black from inside. A mixture of coco peat and charcoal was used in S1, S2, and S3, whereas there was no basin material for S4. Experiments were conducted by changing the water quantity in the solar still ranging from 5 to 10 kg. Maximum distillate output of 5.46 l/m²-d was obtained for S2, whereas it was 3.80 l/m²-d for S4 for an average solar radiation intensity of 675 W/m² (24.3 MJ/m²-d). Use of transparent walls with troughs to collect condensate increased the condenser area by 78.4%. The distillate water cost per liter was estimated as Rs. 0.86 (0.013 US$) and Rs. 1.61 (0.025 US$) for S2 and S4, respectively. Energy payback time for S2 was estimated as 4 months. Theoretical and experimental values showed that there is a significant loss of incoming solar radiation due to wall shadow.     

医疗废物高温蒸汽处理工艺的二次污染控制——以孝感市医疗废物处置中心为例

以孝感市医疗废物处置中心为例,介绍了高温蒸汽处理过程的二次污染控制工艺。结果表明:采用生物脱臭处理工艺,废气中的恶臭污染物可以达到《恶臭污染排放控制标准》(GB 14554—1993)相应排放速率限值要求;采用生化和物化相结合的废水处理工艺,出水水质可以满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的二级排放标准要求。     

超声处理对提取苦杏仁挥发油的研究

研究了超声处理对提取苦杏仁挥发油的影响。结果表明,超声处理有利于提高苦杏仁挥发油的得率,在所选取的范围内随功率和时间的增加而提高;通过正交实验确定影响挥发油得率的因素从大到小依次为超声功率、物料细度、pH和处理时间,确定最优工艺组合是物料细度为80目;在pH值为5的提取液中浸泡后,超声功率为100W处理30min。经分析,超声处理得到挥发油样品的主要成分是苯甲醛。     

固定污染源排气中氟化物监测方法研究

采用直接蒸镏法对固定污染源中固态氟化物样品进行处理，使用离子色谱或离子选择电极对样品进行测定，结果表明：其测定范围、精密度、准确度，均能满足环境监测的要求。     

Microwave-assisted stripping of oil contaminated drill cuttings

The application of microwave heating technology to conventional gas stripping processes has been investigated in the remediation of contaminated drill cuttings. The technical feasibility and limitations of nitrogen and steam stripping processes are demonstrated, and it is shown that the combination of microwave heating with the stripping process offers a step change in performance. Order of magnitude improvements in processing time are shown for the microwave-assisted processes, as well as greatly improved levels of remediation. The mechanisms of contaminant removal are discussed, along with the phenomena which occur with microwave heating processes. The energy requirements of each of pure gas and microwave-assisted processes are also discussed, and the potential applications of each technology are highlighted relative to the overall remediation requirements.     

杀虫双生产废水的预处理研究

研究杀虫双生产废水的预处理工艺，对碱性废水采用减压蒸馏法脱盐，馏出比1／3，真空度40kPa,10次循环蒸馏，脱盐率达77％，馏出液的可生化性好，可直接生物处理，酸性废水，尾气吸收废水经混合调碱处理后，CODcr去除率达75％，BODs/CODcr由原水的0．08提高至0．36，各股废水预处理后混合，经7d间歇生化处理的CODcr去除率达68％。     

米菲司酮废水处理的试验探索

对米菲司酮生产中产生的高浓度有机废水（ＣＯＤｃｒ８．８×１０＾４ｍｇ／Ｌ），采用常压蒸馏－活性炭吸附方法进行试验性处理，ＣＯＤｃｒ的去除率可达９５％以上，ＣＮ－去除率达９９．９％，并可回收乙醇等低沸点有机溶剂。     

隔油池在常减压装置的应用

介绍隔油池的结构及原理，论述了它在胜利炼油厂南常减压装置的应用，指出其问题及改进措施．